Critical Thinking Techniques

Discouragement to them is non-existent, almost ad absurdum.For that very fact, accomplishment in daily living is inevitable.

Discouragement to them is non-existent, almost ad absurdum.For that very fact, accomplishment in daily living is inevitable.To test their effectiveness, he developed with his sponsor Goodwin Watson the Watson-Glaser Tests of Critical Thinking, whose descendants are in widespread global use under the name “Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal” (Watson & Glaser 1980a, 1980b, 1994).

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As the years have passed and as I have watched the lives of many Dewey School children, I have always been astonished at the ease which fits them into all sorts and conditions of emergencies.

They do not vacillate and flounder under unstable emotions; they go ahead and work out the problem in hand, guided by their positively formed working habits.

This spirit of inquiry was given plenty of opportunity and developed with most of the children into the habit of trying a thing out for themselves.

Thus, they gradually became familiar with, and to varying degrees skilled in, the use of the experimental method to solve problems in all areas of their experience.

What specific subject-matter or mode of skill has such a vital connection with the child’s interest, existing powers, and capabilities as will extend the one [the interest–DH] and stimulate, exercise, and carry forward the others [the powers and capabilities–DH] in a progressive course of action?

(Mayhew & Edwards 1936: 420–421) In an appendix to the history of the Laboratory School, Dewey (1936: 468–469) acknowledges that the school did not solve the problem of finding things in the child’s present experience out of which would grow more elaborate, technical and organized knowledge.

The school’s continued experimentation with the subject matter of the elementary curriculum proved that classroom results were best when activities were in accord with the child’s changing interests, his growing consciousness of the relation of means and ends, and his increasing willingness to perfect means and to postpone satisfactions in order to arrive at better ends….

The important question for those guiding this process of growth, and of promoting the alignment and cooperation of interest and effort, is this.

Experiments have shown that educational interventions can improve critical thinking abilities and dispositions, as measured by standardized tests.

Glaser (1941) developed teaching materials suitable for senior primary school, high school and college students.